Ultrapure Water Purification Systems
Introduction
Ultra-pure water is very close to high-purity water, that is, water with almost no other electrolytes except for hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. After the manufacturing process, various impurities dissolved or dispersed in water can be removed as much as possible, including any substances such as organic matter, bacteria, dust, oxides, and so on. According to the development of the semiconductor industry, with the development of the manufacturing process, the wafer circuit has become more detailed, and the cleaning water used needs to be improved. In order to be between the name of pure water in the past, it is named ultrapure water. The resistivity is about 2.0~18.2MΩ-cm, which is almost non-conductive.
There are several applications that require ultrapure water in the process :
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Semiconductor and microelectronics industry
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Pharmaceutical and life science industry
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Laboratory
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Chemical production
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Power generation
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Concerns
The manufacture of ultrapure water has different water quality requirements depending on the product. The core technology of ultrapure water manufacturing technology, includes ion exchange technology, Membrane filtration technology, piping technology, and analysis technology.
Design Criteria
Based on the raw water quality analysis, we will provide our design suggestions followed by the 4 major treatment setups:
Filtration Systems
This section is basically responsible for filtering out most of the fine particles, heavy metals, chlorine, organic matter, bacteria, color & and odors. The filtration system usually consists of a Clino-X Multimedia Sand Filter, Activated Carbon Filter, Water Softener, Ultra-Filtration System, Anti-Scale, and Chlorination Chemical Dosing Systems.
Purification Systems
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that ROTEK uses most of the time for many industries. RO can remove many types of molecules and ions from solutions and is used in both industrial processes and to produce potable water. Depending on the raw water quality, if raw water TDS is below 50 ppm, then this section of the purification system may not be required as part of the design for bottled water production.
Remineralization Systems
Although RO removes everything from the water (including good and bad minerals),
however low-mineralized water has a few adverse effects:
- High corrosion potential
- Dietary deficiency causes risks of ischaemic heart and cerebrovascular disease (WHO, 2005a; WHO, 2006; Cotruvo, 2006)
The WHO recommends 10 mg/L of Magnesium and 30 mg/L of Calcium for drinking water. Therefore adding beneficial minerals to the product water is a process called demineralization. ROTEK uses natural minerals called "Camag" for adding pure Magnesium and Calcium to the product water with great improvement on the taste and pH level.
Disinfection Systems
The most common bacteria found in bottled water is Pseudomonas fluorescens, which is common in freshwater springs. It is not considered to be a health threat until you leave the bottle open for extended periods of time and the bacteria begin to react with the carcinogens in the plastic. Reducing bacteria and microbial to the minimum is the most important issue in the bottled water production business. ROTEK disinfection system consists of UV sterilizer, Nanosilver Activated Carbon, 0.2-micron filter, and ozone disinfection. With four levels of protection, the ROTEK disinfection system will make sure the bacteria level is reduced to nil before filling the bottle.